Greenland's largest glaciers are melting at an incredible rate.

Greenland's three largest glaciers – containing so much ice that they could raise global sea levels by about 1.3 meters if they melted completely – may be melting faster than even the worst-case scenarios scientists had previously predicted.

 

Scientists have long maintained that the primary cause of rising sea levels is melting ice and the expansion of oceans as the Earth warms. However, in just the last two decades, the rate of melting of these massive glaciers has been deteriorating extremely rapidly, exceeding even the worst estimates ever made.

To provide the most accurate statistics on this issue, a group of international scientists from Denmark and the UK collected and analyzed a range of research data obtained from the late 19th century to the present day to estimate the amount of ice that has melted from Greenland's largest glaciers, including Jakobshavn Isbrae, Kangerlussuaq Glacier, and Helheim.

 

The research team found that the Jakobshavn Isbrae glacier dumped more than 1.5 trillion tons of ice into the Atlantic Ocean between 1880 and 2012, while Kangerlussuaq and Helheim lost 1.4 trillion and 31 billion tons of ice, respectively, during the same period. Thus, the ice melt from these three glaciers alone contributed more than 8mm to global sea level rise over the past 100 years.

 

According to scientists' predictions, if the current rate of global warming continues, by 2100, Jakobshavn Isbrae, Kangerlussuaq Glacier, and Helheim will continue to contribute an additional 9.1–14.9 mm to the rise in global sea level, which is significantly more than the rate of melting over the past century.

On a broader scale, the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted that global sea level rise from all sources by 2100 will be between 30-110cm, depending on human-induced emissions, equivalent to the Earth warming by 3 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels.

"The worst-case scenario needs to be reassessed. The amount of ice lost could be three to four times greater than previously predicted for the glaciers considered in our study alone," said Dr. Shfaqat Abbas Khan from the Technical University of Denmark, the lead author of the research.

Previously, a study published in the journal Nature in September showed that if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated, approximately 36 trillion tons of Greenland's ice will melt into the sea this century, enough to raise global sea levels by about 10cm.

Melting ice due to climate change is the main cause of rising sea levels, threatening the lives of coastal communities and especially wildlife that depend on ice, such as polar bears, penguins, and seals. In the future, the world will need to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the impacts of climate change and prevent ice melt. However, reality has shown that this is no easy task.