How to Describe a Color to a Blind Person

Using Other Senses to Describe Color

1. Using touch to describe colors. Have the person hold certain objects while you tell them what color it is. It might be helpful to consider using objects that are almost always a certain color.

   1. Have the person hold different pieces of wood, touch the bark of a tree, or touch dirt on the ground, and explain that these things are all brown.
      1. Say, "Brown feels like the earth, or the dead parts of things that grew out of the dirt from the earth.'
   2. Give the person some leaves or blades of grass to hold, and explain that these are green. Green feels like the alive parts of plants, because when plants are green that means they are alive. You can even give some dead leaves and explain the difference between green and brown.
      1. Say, 'The smoothness and suppleness of the leaves feels like green; green feels like life. But when the leaves are crispy like these other ones, they have turned brown and aren't alive anymore.'
   3. Have them put their hands in a bowl of cool water, and explain that water is blue. Tell them that small amounts of water are very light blue, almost clear with no color, and large amounts of water, like rivers or the ocean, are very deep blue.
      1. Say, 'How you feel when you're swimming in water, the cool wetness that feels relaxing, is how blue feels.'
   4. Explain that heat, such as a fire or candle flame, or a hot stove burner, is red. Red can usually be thought of as heat, or even a burn.
      1. Tell the person, 'If you have ever had a sun burn, your skin turns a red color. Or, if you have felt embarrassed and blushed, that heat on your cheeks looks red.'
   5. Explain that concrete, such as on walls or sidewalks, is grey. Metal is also grey – tell them that grey often feels hard and is either cool or hot depending on if the sun is out.
      1. Say, 'Grey is very hard and strong. It feels sturdy like a road under your feet, or the wall that you can lean against, but it isn't alive and doesn't grow or have feelings.'^[1]

2. Consider smells and tastes to describe colors. Smells and tastes can definitely be associated with certain colors.

   1. Explain that spicy foods, and the peppers for spicy foods, are often red. Other foods that are also red are strawberries, raspberries, and cherries. Explain that how those flavors are a very intense sweet is how red looks.
      1. Say, 'Just like how you can feel red from feeling heat, you can also taste it when eating something hot and spicy.'
   2. Give the person an orange, and explain that oranges are the color orange. Have them pay attention to the smell and taste.
      1. Say, 'Oranges are usually described as refreshing, sweet, and tropical; the sun is orange, and many orange foods need a lot of sun to grow.'
   3. Do the same thing with a lemon and a banana, and explain that lemons and bananas are the color yellow. Even though they are different flavors, both are yellow, and yellow can either taste sour and citrusy, or sweet and nourishing.
      1. Say, 'Yellow foods also need lots of sun, they are bright and happy.'
   4. Give the person salad leaves (lettuce and spinach) and explain that these are always green. Green smells and tastes clean and crisp like plants from the earth, and sometimes they are a little bit bitter tasting. Green is usually not sweet like fruit; it is often bitter or can have other smells.
      1. Give the person different herbs to smell, such as mint, and say, 'Green smells like this – fresh, clean, and healthy.'
   5. For non-food smells in nature, explain again that leaves and grass are green, and water is blue. The smells at the beach are blue for the water, and brown or white for the sand. Explain that flowers can be any color, and often the same type of flower comes in many different colors, but they usually are not green, brown, grey, or black.^[2]

3. Think about how sounds could describe colors. Certain sounds can definitely be associated with certain colors.

   1. Explain that sirens should make them think of red, because red is a color used to get people's attention and many fire trucks and police and ambulance lights are red.
      1. Say, 'When you hear a siren, it is to cause people to be alert and pay attention right away, because there might be danger. Red is like that – it's urgent and grabs your attention.'
   2. The sound of running water, especially a stream bubbling or the ocean waves crashing, should make them think of blue.
      1. Say, 'blue is calm and nice, like how the sound of water makes you feel relaxed.'
   3. A sound for green could be the rustling of leaves, or the chirping of birds. Explain that not all birds are green, but because birds live in the trees, the sounds of birds often make people think of the color green.
      1. Say, 'When you hear trees rustling and birds singing, that is what green sounds like.'
   4. Describe the sounds of a storm as grey. When there is thunder and falling rain, the sky is grey and it makes everything look more grey.
      1. Say, 'Storms are grey. The sounds of the loud thunder and rain mean that it looks grey outside, it's a bit dark and depressing because the sun isn't out.'^[3]

4. Describe how the colors make you feel emotionally. People commonly associate colors with certain emotional or other psychological states, and many studies have been done on the associations between color and feelings. Explain to the person the most common ones:

   1. Red- usually the color of anger, sexual excitement, physical strength or aggression
   2. Orange- physical comfort, having enough food, warmth, and security, sometimes frustration
   3. Yellow- friendliness, cheerfulness, optimism, confidence, sometimes fear
   4. Green- balance, refreshment, harmony, environmental awareness, peace
   5. Blue- intelligence, coolness, calmness, serenity, logic
   6. Purple- spiritual awareness, mystery, luxury, truth; often associated with dreams
   7. Black- sophistication and glamour (positive), or heaviness, menace, or oppression (negative)
   8. White- cleanliness, clarity, purity, simplicity
   9. Brown- earthiness, reliability, supportiveness
   10. Grey- neutrality; lack of confidence or energy; depression
   11. Pink- nurture, warmth, femininity, love^[4]