Technical procedure for selecting and incubating chicken eggs by machine

Hatching chicken eggs, is a technique that helps people get new generations of chicks to raise. According to the traditional chicken hatching experience, it will be natural to hatch, use the broiler or other hen to hatch the eggs so that the eggs hatch into young, but this technique does not result in low results, the percentage of eggs hatching is low. , health-conscious mother chickens after each strenuous incubation reduced efficiency in livestock. Nowadays, science and technology has been developing more and more, chicken hatching techniques have also been replaced by machines, bringing higher results for farmers.

To help her understand more about the operation of the incubator as well as how to select eggs before hatching to get the highest rate, invite her relatives to refer to our article below.

I. Structure and composition of chicken eggs

1. Mucous membrane

1. When choosing eggs, you need to pay attention to the surface of the eggshell. With newly laid eggs, the egg surface will have a mucous membrane to protect the inside of the egg to avoid invading bacteria that cause egg rot. So, if you see the eggshell, this means that the egg has been kept for a long time, if used for incubation will not be effective.
2. The thickness of the mucous membranes is very thin, so when the egg is contaminated with stool or soil you should not wash it but wipe it gently with a soft cloth.

2. Eggshell

1. Eggshell is composed of many nutrients such as caxi, fat, K, Na .
2. The main function of eggshell is to protect the inside of the egg, in addition to providing additional nutrients to feed the embryo for the eggs to grow.
3. On the surface of the eggshell, there are often very small air holes, scientists have counted on eggshell with 7000 - 7600 air holes on the eggshell surface, and has a shell thickness of about 0.2 - 0.4 mm.

3. Membrane

1. The shell is composed of interwoven Keratin fibers. In an egg shell, there are two layers of membranes, which often stick to the white. The thickness of these two layers is only about 0.057 - 0.069 mm, and both of these layers have air holes, allowing air into the egg to help the embryo grow and breathe.
2. The two membranes adhere to each other are only detached at the head of the egg called the gas chamber where the oxygen is supplied to the embryo.

4. Egg whites

An egg accounts for 60% of egg whites, in egg whites takes up a lot of water and nutrients such as sugar, vitamin B2, especially Protein, which ensures nutrients for developing egg embryos.

5. Yolk

1. In addition to the white, the egg also has a giant yolk, which is surrounded by a thin elastic membrane, whereby the white and yolk in an egg are not mixed together. , yolk always keeps the circle. When the eggs are left for long, this thin film is gradually lost, causing the yolk and whites to mix.
2. In the egg yolk there are different colored layers, which are the germ of the egg and contain a lot of nutrients to grow embryos.

II. Preparations for incubating eggs

1. Choose hatched eggs

A. Select eggs according to appearance

1. Eggs are a decisive factor in the quality of the breed later, so when choosing eggs you should keep in mind, do not choose eggs that are too big, too small, too thin or distorted, rough shell surface. , eggs are cracked, cracked . because these eggs do not bring good seed quality or cause difficulties in the process of raising later.
2. Besides, eggs that are too long or too round are not suitable for breeding, because the proportion of whites and yolks is not balanced.

B. Choose according to egg mass

Chicken breed Weight Chicken eggs 40 - 50 g Chicken yellow legged 38 - 45 g

Should choose the eggs with specific weight for each breed.

C. Choose eggs with a lamp

1. After checking the eggs through the naked eye, relatives begin to filter more carefully. And the standard fruit will continue to step into the second round, checking the black eggs to remove the substandard fruit.
2. The eggs that have problems such as reefs and cracks should not be put in the hamlet, because these cracks are easy to invade, causing eggs to rot, not able to breed.
3. When illuminating the egg, you will discover which eggs do not have the middle yolk or abnormal features.
4. The eggs that have air in them are also ineligible for selection.

2. Preservation of hatched eggs

When choosing the standard eggs, we will take them to preserve. When putting eggs in the storage room, the storage room must be dark, without light entering. At the same time preserving eggs must ensure the following requirements:

A. Put eggs

1. When storing eggs, farmers should note that placing eggs in specialized trays, placing eggs in each tray and giving eggs an angle of 30 degrees, big heads (gas chamber heads) facing up. Stir the egg once / day (reverse 180 degrees).
2. Eggs of the same size will be placed in a tray.
3. When storing eggs, you should count the number of days to collect eggs to know the development of eggs.

B. Temperature

The most suitable temperature to preserve eggs is from 15-20 degrees Celsius, at this temperature, you can store for 7-14 days. However, if left at room temperature above 20 degrees Celsius, bacteria are easy to grow and penetrate eggs so eggs can only be preserved for 3 days.

C. Humidity

In addition to temperature, farmers also need to pay attention to moisture when preserving eggs, the most appropriate moisture can preserve eggs is 75% RH.

Note: Eggs removed from the storage room must be warmed again by lining up in the incubator room for 6-10 hours before putting eggs into the incubator, to avoid stress due to temperature difference.

3. Handling hatched eggs

Like the traditional incubation method, when there are enough eggs, the hen will be put in the hen. As for this method of incubating eggs, before the eggs are put into the incubator, they will be put into sterilization with formon, purple medicine to destroy the remaining bacteria on the eggs, if the children ignore the process. This, bacteria from the eggshell will directly invade the inside, causing the eggs to rot, causing the embryo to die, affecting all the eggs in the tray.

A. Method of ovulation

Eggs after being placed in trays, people should put in a closed compartment with a door or break into the incubator, 1m3 of the steam chamber needs 17.5g of purple medicine to pour into a small tray with a diameter of 30 cm, then measure 35 ml formon and 35ml of water poured into the tray with purple pills, closed for 30 minutes and slowly opened the door.

B. Put eggs in the tray

1. When putting eggs in trays, people should also note, putting eggs in order, so they have big heads up because this head has many gas chambers, embryos can grow.
2. When incubating eggs, it is recommended to incubate in the same order, with the incubation trays in the front, and the incubator tray should be left underneath.

III. Egg hatching technique

1. Incubation time

When the eggs are put in the incubator, about 21 days later, the finished product is chicks, according to the process, the small eggs will hatch first and the big eggs will hatch later. This process will take 5-10 hours.

2. Prepare incubator, hatching machine and put eggs in the machine

When cleaning incubators and hatching machines, people should use Benkocid rather than cleaning with normal water that will not clean bacteria, after cleaning, should give purple and formol to break these machines.

- For incubator:

1. When preparing to hatch eggs, it is advisable to turn on the machine 2-4 hours in advance so that the temperature in the machine is spread well before giving eggs.
2. It is possible to put eggs into the machine before sterilizing (this method has just finished sterilizing eggs and incubating the incubator but only applies to a periodic incubator). Then turn on the incubator, but the incubation time must be calculated from the time the machine reaches the required temperature.

- For hatching machines:

1. Like incubators, people should turn on the machine for 4-5 hours before the machine reaches the standard temperature.
2. After hatching eggs, quickly remove the chicken from the machine and conduct cleaning and sterilization as above to prepare for the next incubation.
3. The egg tray in the hamlet must be recorded on the date of egg collection to calculate the date when the eggs are hatched to harvest chicks.

3. Technical requirements

A. Incubation temperature:

For single hatchers:

Date of incubation Machine temperature is from 1-7 days 37,8 ^o C 8-18 days 37,6 ^o C 19-21 days 37,2 ^o C

For multi-period incubators:

1. For incubators, a lot of egg trays will be added to the incubator on different days. That's why you need to adjust the temperature in the incubator so that the new egg trays as well as the old eggs can be adapted and developed in that temperature. Below is a table of temperature readings for relatives.

First batch of eggs: from 1-15 days 37.8 ^o C Then fix incubator temperature 37.6 ^o C Plots of eggs hatched for 18 days then transferred to hatching machines (from 19-21 days) 37.2 ^o C

1. When the chicken has hatched, the temperature should be adjusted to 35 degrees C.

B. Humidity

On the first days, when the eggs are incubated in the incubator, the temperature of the machine is usually high. At this time, the humidity should also be increased in order to avoid the condensation of steam, and the eggs will affect the incubation process.

However, in the last days when the chicken is about to hatch, the temperature in the egg increases, at this time the incubator needs to reduce the temperature, the humidity of the oven must increase (to increase the humidity, she They can spray warm water on eggs) to both cool down eggs and avoid hatching chickens and suffocate.

Moisture suitable for incubation is as follows:

For single hatchers:

Day 1 - 5 days 60 - 61% 6 - 11 55 days - 57% 12 - 18 days 50 - 53% 19 days 60% 20 - 21 days 70 - 75%

For multi-period incubators:

1. Chickens start to hatch with maximum moisture (by warm water spray)
2. Before starting chicken, pay attention to cutting moisture before 6 hours

Note:

1. In hot days, it is necessary to lower the temperature of the incubator room by opening the door, spraying warm water (35-36 degrees C) to cool the incubator room.
2. If during the incubation process, the humidity is too high, the chicks hatch will be heavy, the inside of the shell is full of viscous substances. If moisture lacks chicken feathers, it will stick to the eggshell and cannot be kicked out of the body, resulting in death in the shell, if the feathered chicken will not be cottony, low in volume, sometimes with a leg, leg and neck. The suitable moisture content of hatched chickens has a mass of 60-61% compared to egg mass.

4. Technical operations

A. Egg Island:

* The purpose of egg turning:

1. The egg turning will help the embryo not stick to the eggshell to help the egg develop, besides it will help the egg to easily metabolize, provide nutrients to feed the embryo, help achieve the highest results. Egg turning is also a way to regulate temperature, humidity and air at every position of eggs.
2. Within the first 6 days, if the people do not turn the eggs, the embryos will stick to the shell, all the eggs will be broken and the farmers will lose revenue.
3. After 13 days of inverted urinary incontinence, the amount of abumin could not reach inside the urinary bag, leading to high embryonic mortality rate, the pecking chickens would not be correct, the embryos were deformed in the eyes, mines and head.

* Method of egg turning:

1. When you turn your eggs, you should keep in mind, so turn the egg at corner 900 and turn it around once every 2 hours.
2. After 18 days of incubation, the 19th day should stop the island process so that the eggs continue to grow.

B. Examination of eggs:

* Purpose of egg screening:

This screening process aims to test, classify the underperformed fruits, the whole whites or dead embryos to eliminate the effects of eggs in the incubator tray.

* Egg scanners:

Egg scanners should be prepared including: A 60W light bulb, placed in a wooden box, sealed carton box (with lining of silverware), the front side has a circular hole that is enough for the light to cover the eggs .

Refer to the egg lamp Lin C1

Selection method and type of eggs when screening:

During the incubation process, farmers need to check eggs for 3 times before hatching. At the time of screening eggs at the following time:

- First time : After 6 days of eggs being taken to the hamlet, should people look at the eggs have healthy development? When the embryo has the following characteristics, it should be removed because the embryo is dead, unable to continue the incubation process:

1. The egg is transparent, turning the eggs to see the yolk and the white heart mixed.
2. Lightly lying on the face of the eggshell, clearly looking at the embryo.
3. The vascular system develops weak, faint.
4. Sometimes the gas chamber is quite large.
5. Eggs die embryos, when the eggs move quickly, there are black spots lying close to the gas chamber, dark blood vessels, blood circles running.

- Second time : By the 11th day, these embryos began to grow stronger, moving around the egg. When they realized that the eggs had the following signs, they should be quickly removed:

1. Embryos are not moving.
2. Eggs are dark brown, due to broken blood vessels, black blood.
3. Touch cold eggshell.

- 3rd time : On the 18th day, continue to examine and remove dead eggs or rotten eggs. To identify you based on the following characteristics:

1. When screening eggs with brighter colors (eggs without embryos, eggs die early embryos).
2. Cracked shell eggs, brown or black foam shells (rotten eggs).

Points to note:

1. Remove the egg tray from the machine and enter the examination room (the room must be dark and airtight).
2. Place the egg tray on the right side of the lamp, on the left, place the tray.
3. Eliminate dead embryos eggs, eggs put into the tray. At the end of the egg tray, check the number of dead embryos and re-arrange the egg tray with embryos in the incubator.
4. Examination of eggs must be fast, limit egg loss, warm room for eggs.
5. When screening eggs at 6 days, when screening to rotate the eggs to see embryos.
6. When screening eggs at 11 days, they must look at the tip of the egg, be careful to see whether the cystic membrane is closed.
7. When examining eggs, consult the development process of embryos (Appendix 2).

C. Transfer eggs to hatching machines

1. For single hamlet machines: After hatching for about 21 days, eggs start to mine, at this time there will be about 10% of the eggs will be beaked, farmers will quickly put these trays to hatch to continue hatching eggs.
2. For multi-period incubators : Just hatching eggs for 18 days can move eggs to hatching machines.

D. Get the chicken out of the machine

1. To get the chicks out of the machine, first turn off the switch to stop the humidifier.
2. Gently remove the egg tray from the machine, place the chicken tray on a table and proceed with the selection and sorting of the chicken.
3. The eggs do not hatch, should produce a basket, should not be left in the tray.
4. When all the chickens are taken out of the machine, turn off the device to reduce sanitation, cleaning and disinfection.

Note : Chickens hatched for a long time in the machine, they will not be able to eat and dry and their legs are difficult to raise Therefore, we have to bring the chicks out of the machine to hatch into the box before 6 hours.

IV. Choose breed chicken

Choosing chickens must be carefully selected based on the following criteria:

1. Legs stand firm, fast, toes straight
2. Round eyes, bright
3. The coat is cotton, dry and clean, with the characteristic color of the breed
4. The mine is healthy, even, not skewed, twisted
5. The navel is dry and closed, without inflammation
6. Thin, soft belly.

Type of children:

1. Eliminate chickens with disabilities, flaws, parrots, heavy belly, open navel, blind eyes.

V. Chicken care waiting for the market

During the period of about 1-7 days of age waiting for chicken to be cared for is as follows:

When chicken is 7 days old enough time to supply chickens to the market. In the early days when the chickens were taken out of the machine, the chickens should be kept in a sheltered place, lighted and the temperature for the chickens to grow from 31-33 degrees Celsius. . The density of 1 chicken house is from 75-85 individuals / m2, the floor of the house should be used for rice husk lining so that the chickens can move easily and develop better.

Food and water supply:

When chickens are born, people also need to eat and drink water to develop healthy chickens.

1. Drinking water: Use clean water, put drinking troughs in many places so that chickens can access good water.
2. Feed 6 times / day, spread food evenly on newspaper that has been spread on the floor of the coop.

Chicken age Food supply Drinking water After 24 hours of feeding Do not feed Water mixed with 2g Nova C-Complex and 50g
glucose for 1 liter of water, mix just enough to drink
In 4 hours, the new water must be replaced. After hatching 2-3 days

Feed the grind plate or finely ground corn

5gr / fish / day

After hatching 4-7 days

Feeding mixed bran

10gr / pig / day

Clean water

Prevention:

Antibiotic Vaccine Date of age Type of Usage Date of age Prevention of 1 day antibiotics Marek Injections under the skin (loose skin behind chicken neck) From 2-4 days Ly, CRD, Ecoli Nova Enro
10% (1ml / 2 liters
Water) 3 days New + IB Eye 7-day nose Gum For Oral

If the chicken has an umbilical cord, then Iodine is used in the middle of the umbilical cord for chickens.

Note : When chicks from 2-3 days old must divide the time to drink Nova C-Complex water + separate glucose, now give antibiotics to prevent specific diseases and calculate the appropriate dose.