Download Stephen Hawking's space doctoral thesis - Download Properties of Expanding Universes

Recently, Cambridge University has published the doctoral thesis of scientist Stephen Hawking since 1966, allowing everyone to watch online and download for free.

1. You can see and download Stephen Hawking's thesis on the universe here.
2. Download Properties of Expanding Universes - Stephen Hawking's doctoral thesis on the cosmological origin of the 2017 edition here.
3. Download the reduced edition Stephen Hawking thesis here.

This thesis, called " Properties of Expanding Universes " is often called Stephen Hawking's PhD thesis, which is roughly translated as "Cosmic expansion". This is the work that brought Stephen Hawking's name to the world, providing research on the origin of the universe.

Download Stephen Hawking's space doctoral thesis - Download Properties of Expanding Universes Picture 1

1. Successfully creating cosmic black holes, demonstrating Hawking radiation exists
2. Stephen Hawking warned: "Humans have only 100 years left to leave Earth."
3. Stephen Hawking made a terrifying remark about the future of humanity: "The Earth is dead, it's time to leave"

Stephen Hawking (January 8, 1942), is a famous theoretical physicist and cosmologist. Currently, he is the Director of Research at the University of Cambridge Center for Theoretical Space and is considered one of the most famous scientists still alive.

For a long time, in the textbooks of many countries around the world, there was a Big Bang explosion as a theory about the origin of the universe.

According to the Big Bang theory and later the theory of cosmic inflation, 13.7 billion years ago, an explosion of cosmic birth occurred. Since the Big Bang event so far, the universe has become extremely hot and "stretches" continuously and will continue to expand. Therefore, galaxies in the universe are "drifting" farther apart.

Download Stephen Hawking's space doctoral thesis - Download Properties of Expanding Universes Picture 2
Explain the Big Bang explosion.The bright spot on the left is the moment of the explosion, causing the universe to expand in space over the past 13.7 billion years - and this is the estimated age of the universe - (Photo: NASA).

But a few months ago, the trio of physicists Anna Ijjas, Paul J. Steinhardt, and Abraham Loeb published an article opposing the theory of the expanding universe as well as the Big Bang that gave birth to the universe. causing intense controversy in the space of the cosmic science. Many people believe that this is the reason Hawking published his thesis.

According to these three scientists, the current universe must be interpreted according to "Big Bounce", ie "a big turn / recovery".

Accordingly, the universe operates cyclically, not just the beginning and explosion forever. That is, when cosmic energy is depleted, it will become extremely hot and extremely solid, concentrated (return to its original state) and then again an explosion or subsequent event to expand.

Download Stephen Hawking's space doctoral thesis - Download Properties of Expanding Universes Picture 3
Description of Big Bounce.The universe will narrow down to the hottest point, then perform "recovery jump" to expand.

Source: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251038