50+ Most Popular Tester Interview Questions Today

50+ Most Popular Tester Interview Questions Today Picture 1

Basic level:

1. What is software testing?

Software testing is the activity of finding and detecting errors in software, ensuring that it functions correctly and completely according to customer requirements. This process includes activities such as executing test cases, evaluating documentation, design, source code and other factors related to the product,.

2. What are the types of software testing?

There are many types of software testing, each serving different purposes in the software development and quality assurance process. Here are some basic types of software testing:

● Functional Testing: Functional testing focuses on determining whether the software performs the required functions correctly.

● Non-Functional Testing: This type of testing looks at factors unrelated to functionality, such as performance, usability, and security.

● Re-Testing: This is the process of confirming that the corrected bugs work as expected. It is usually performed after fixing the bugs to ensure that the problem has been fixed.

● Regression Testing: This type of testing is intended to ensure that the old functionality still works properly after changes in the source code or environment.

3. What are the different phases of software testing life cycle?

The Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) consists of various stages, each of which plays an important role in ensuring the quality of the software product.

The phases of the software testing life cycle include:

● Requirement Analysis: Analyze functional and non-functional requirements to identify test cases.

● Test planning: Determine the scope, resources, and timing for the testing process.

● Test scenario development: Design detailed test scenarios and cases.

● Set up the testing environment: Configure the hardware, software and data required for testing.

● Test execution: Execute test scenarios and record results, report bugs.

● Test & End of Test Cycle: Summarize results, evaluate effectiveness and prepare end report.

4. What are the different levels of testing?

Software testing levels are different phases in the testing process, each focusing on a specific part of the software to ensure that the product functions as expected and meets the established requirements. Here are the four main levels of testing:

Unit Testing

● Purpose: To confirm that each smallest component of the software (module) functions correctly as designed.

● Performed by: Usually performed by programmers.

● Features: Test each module individually without integrating with other modules. This helps detect errors early in the development process.

Integration Testing

● Purpose: To test the interaction between modules that have been integrated together.

● Performed by: Testers or programmers.

● Characteristics: Focuses on verifying that data can be transferred correctly between modules and detecting errors when modules interact with each other. Many methods such as top-down, bottom-up or big bang can be used to perform this testing.

System Testing

● Purpose: To evaluate the entire system to ensure that it meets all the stated functional and non-functional requirements.

● Performed by: Usually performed by an independent testing team.

● Features: Includes testing the entire system after all modules have been integrated, to detect errors in the design or in the operation of the system.

Acceptance Testing

● Purpose: To confirm that the software meets customer requirements and is ready for deployment.

● Performed by: Customer or customer representative.

● Characteristics: There are two main types: Alpha Testing (performed in the development environment) and Beta Testing (performed in the real environment with end users). This phase aims to ensure that the final product meets the actual needs of the users.

5. What is use case testing?

Use case testing is an important concept in the field of software testing, which is defined as a set of conditions, input parameters, actions to be performed, and expected results to test a specific functionality of the software. The main objective of a test case is to ensure that the software functions according to the established requirements and standards.

6. What is a traceability matrix?

Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM) is an important tool in requirements management, especially in software development and engineering. Traceability Matrix helps to track and verify that all project requirements are implemented and tested throughout the development life cycle.

7. Why is software testing important?

Software testing is an essential phase in the software development process, with many important roles:

● Early error detection: Testing helps detect and fix errors at an early stage, minimizing future repair costs and ensuring that the software functions as expected.

● Enhanced security: The testing process helps eliminate security vulnerabilities, thereby improving reliability and safety for users.

● Product quality assurance: Testing ensures that the product meets the requirements for appearance, interface and features, helping to provide the best user experience.

● Saves time and costs: Effective testing not only saves time during development but also reduces the risks and costs associated with fixing bugs after the product has been released.

● Improve the development process: Testing is an integral part of the software development life cycle (SDLC), helping to identify issues and continuously improve the development process.

8. What is a test case?

A test case is defined as a scenario that describes the steps to be performed to test a software feature, including a set of conditions, input parameters, actions to be performed, and expected results to verify that a specific software function works as required.

9. What does the test plan include?

The main components of a test plan include:

● Test objectives and scope: Clearly define the objectives of the testing process and what parts of the product will be tested.

● Test Strategy: Defines the methods and techniques that will be used during testing.

● Required Resources: List the hardware, software and tools required to perform the test.

● Staffing and training: Determine the number of staff involved in testing and training needs if necessary.

● Test environment: Describes the environment in which the test cases will be executed, including system configuration and required conditions.

● Test Schedule: Create a specific schedule for each phase of the testing process, including start and end times for each activity.

● Entry and exit criteria: Define the conditions that must be met to start and end the testing process.

● Risk Management: Identify risks that may affect the testing process and plan to mitigate them.

● Communication channels: Establish communication methods between test team members to ensure information is always updated and clear.

10. What does Quality Assurance (QA) mean?

Quality Assurance (QA) is a set of planned and systematic activities to prevent errors or defects in production and to minimize problems when delivering products or services to customers. According to ISO 9000, QA is defined as the part of quality management that focuses on ensuring that quality requirements are met.

11. Comparison of Waterfall Model and Agile Model

12. What is a user story?

User stories are an important tool in software development, especially in Agile methodologies like Scrum and Kanban. User stories are used to briefly describe functional requirements from the perspective of the end user or customer.

13. What is a test environment?

A Test Environment is a system set up to perform software testing activities. A Test Environment includes both hardware and software, to create a workspace for testing teams to conduct test cases on the application under development.

14. What is Cookie Check?

Cookie auditing is a type of software testing that verifies cookies created in a user's web browser to ensure that cookies are properly created and managed in the user's browser.

15. What is bottom-up testing?

Bottom-Up Testing is a method in integration testing where lower-level modules are tested first and then integrated into higher-level modules. This method helps to detect errors in the most basic parts of the system before testing more complex parts.

16. What is dynamic testing?

Dynamic Testing is a software testing method that is performed while the program is running. In this type of testing, the source code is executed and inputs are provided to check the behavior of the software and compare the output with the expected results. The main objective of dynamic testing is to confirm that the software works as expected and meets the functional and non-functional requirements.

17. What is risk-based testing?

Risk-based testing is a technique in software testing in which test conditions are determined based on an assessment of the product's risk. The main goal of risk-based testing is to reduce quality risk to an acceptable level, by prioritizing testing of features and functions that are most likely to cause errors.

18. What is Fuzz Testing?

Fuzz testing, also known as Fuzzing, is a software testing technique used to detect coding errors and security vulnerabilities in applications. It works by sending invalid or random data, called FUZZ, to the system to test the system's response to these inputs.

19. What is Test Harness?

Test Harness is a set of components designed to create an automated, efficient, and scalable testing environment. Test Harness makes it easier for developers and testers to perform software tests, from finding bugs to ensuring that the software performs as expected under real-world conditions.

20. What is concurrent testing?

Parallel testing is performed when an organization moves from a legacy system to a new system, with the purpose of validating that the legacy data is successfully converted and the new application functions efficiently. In this process, testers run two different versions of the software simultaneously with the same input to compare the results, thereby discovering differences between the two systems.

Average level:

21. What is age testing?

Age Testing is a type of software testing that evaluates the future performance of a system, specifically the degradation of performance as the software gets older. It is performed by a testing team and focuses on measuring the loss of performance of the system as time passes.

22. What is the uninstall check?

Uninstall checking is an important process in software management, to ensure that the application removal goes smoothly and does not leave unnecessary files or information in the system.

23. What is Equivalence Class Partitioning (ECP)?

Equivalence Class Partitioning (ECP) is a technique in software testing, especially in black box testing, that aims to optimize the process of designing test cases. The technique involves dividing the input conditions of a system into groups or partitions, where the values ​​in each partition are considered equivalent in terms of their behavior or impact on the system.

24. What is software configuration management?

Software configuration management is the process of ensuring that system components, including software, hardware, and documentation, are maintained consistently and reliably over time. Software configuration management increases software development productivity with minimal errors, while ensuring that any changes are systematically tracked and controlled.

25. What is a test scenario?

Test Scenario, also known as Test Scenario, is an important concept in software testing. It is a general description of a specific situation in which the software needs to be tested, to ensure that the system's functions and requirements work as expected.

26. What is a Test Bed?

A Test Bed is a software development environment, including both hardware and software, where modules or applications can be tested. The main goal of a Test Bed is to create a safe space for testing without disrupting or harming the live system.

27. What is validity checking?

Validation is the process of assessing whether a document or transaction meets legal criteria and requirements. Validation includes verifying information, authenticating signatures, and ensuring that all relevant requirements have been met.

28. What is Test Closure?

Test Closure, also known as "Test Cycle Closure," is the final stage in the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC). This stage plays an important role in summarizing and evaluating the entire testing process that has been performed.

29. What is a stub?

A stub is a simulated program or component that replaces an incomplete module or function during testing. A stub provides the necessary input data to execute tests without having to depend on other components under development.

30. What are test drivers?

Test drivers, also known as drivers, are pseudocodes used in software testing, especially in integration testing. They play an important role in testing modules that are not yet developed or are not available.

31. Explain cause-effect diagrams

A cause-and-effect diagram, also known as a fishbone diagram or Ishikawa diagram, is a powerful analytical tool used to identify and organize the root causes of a particular problem.

Cause and effect diagrams show the relationship between a problem (effect) and the possible causes that lead to that problem. The diagram helps to classify influencing factors into groups, making it easier to identify the root cause.

32. What is a testing strategy?

Test Strategy is an important part of the software development process, which acts as an overall plan to determine how and what testing methods will be performed.

33. What is a test script?

Test Scenario, also known as Test Scenario, is an important concept in the field of software testing. It represents a specific situation or state in the system that needs to be tested, including the steps to be performed and the conditions under which the test is to be conducted. Test Scenario helps to define the situations to be tested and guides the testing process in a systematic way.

34. What is code coverage?

Code coverage is the percentage of source code that is executed when running test cases. Code coverage ensures that all lines of code, conditional branches, and functions of an application are tested at least once. This helps detect errors and improve code quality.

35. Explain the role of testing in software development

Software testing is an essential part of the software development process, playing a vital role in ensuring the quality and reliability of the product.

● Testing helps detect errors and defects in the software, ensuring that the product functions correctly according to the customer's original requirements.

● This process ensures that the product meets high quality standards, thereby creating a good user experience and enhancing product reliability.

● Testing helps to minimize the risks associated with releasing an incomplete product, thereby avoiding financial and reputational losses for the business.

● Through performance testing, software speed and load capacity issues are identified and resolved.

● Testing also plays an important role in product maintenance, helping to detect bugs in updated versions or changing requirements.

● Security testing helps identify and fix exploitable vulnerabilities, thereby enhancing software security before launch.

36. What is a bug report?

A bug report is a document or message created to notify about the existence of a bug in software. Bug reports are used in software testing and product development processes to record detailed information about the bug, helping the development team to fix the problem effectively.

Advanced level:

37. Purpose of risk-based testing

● Quality Risk Mitigation: The main purpose of risk-based testing is to identify and mitigate product quality risks, ensuring that the product meets the quality criteria expected by users and stakeholders. Achieving zero risk is almost impossible, so managing and mitigating risks to an acceptable level is crucial.

● Focus on high-risk areas: Risk-based testing allows the testing team to focus on features and functionalities that are most likely to fail, thereby optimizing the testing process and allocating resources efficiently3. This helps in early detection of critical bugs before the product is released.

● Improve user satisfaction: By focusing on features and behaviors that can affect user satisfaction, risk-based testing helps improve the overall quality of the product, thereby increasing the satisfaction of customers and other stakeholders.

38. What are the types of test metrics?

In the field of testing, you need to pay attention to the following 4 types of numbers:

1. Quantitative metrics: These are measurable metrics that provide specific information about aspects of the testing process. For example:

● Number of errors found: Indicates the total number of errors found during testing.

● Percentage of successful test cases: Calculated by the following formula: Number of successful test cases/ Total number of test cases) x100

● Execution time per test case: Total execution time divided by the number of test cases executed.

2. Qualitative data: These indicators often cannot be measured directly but rely on subjective assessment. For example:

● Quality of test cases: Assess whether the test cases are capable of testing important scenarios.

● Severity of detected errors: Classify errors according to the level of impact on the final product.

3. Test Data: Is the input data used in the testing process, including:

● Data used for positive testing: To verify that the software works correctly with valid input.

● Data used for negative testing: To test the software's ability to handle invalid or unusual inputs.

4. Testing Metrics: These metrics help evaluate the effectiveness and quality of the testing process, including:

● Test Coverage: Measures the extent to which requirements or functionality have been tested.

● Bug distribution index: Tracks and analyzes the distribution of bugs in software.

39. What is Defect Cascading?

Defect Cascading is a term in software testing that describes the phenomenon when one defect leads to the discovery of many other defects. This phenomenon often occurs when the initial defect is not properly fixed, causing a chain of new problems in the software development process.

40. What is test driven development?

Test-Driven Development (TDD) is a software development methodology in which code is written based on automated tests. It is an iterative process that begins with planning and writing tests for new functionality before writing the actual code to implement that functionality.

41. Difference between verification and validation in testing

42. What is the difference between Bug, Defect, Error, Fault and Failure?

In the field of software development, the terms Bug, Defect, Error, Fault, and Failure are commonly used to describe various issues related to software quality.

1. Bug

A bug is a defect in a component or system that may cause the component or system to fail to perform its intended function. For example, an incorrect message or incorrect data definition may be considered a bug. If this bug is discovered during the operation of the system, it may result in a Failure.

2. Defect

A defect is often understood as a development error or a coding or logic error that causes a program to behave differently than it was intended to. This definition is very similar to a bug. An example of a defect is when a developer takes data from the wrong source to display on the screen.

3. Error

An error is a human action that results in an incorrect result. This can happen when a developer makes a mistake in the syntax of the source code or when preparing data incorrectly. Errors are often the cause of bugs or defects in the code.

4. Fault

Fault is defined as a failure that occurs when there is a difference between the actual result and the expected result of a component, system, or service. Faults usually occur when a function does not work as expected due to a bug or defect.

5. Failure

Failure is the failure of a system when it does not meet the defined functional requirements. Failure can occur due to many different reasons, not only due to bugs but also due to misconfiguration or incorrect testing environment. For example, if a server is required to work fine for 1000 users but works fine for only 900 users, this is a failure.

43. What needs to be verified in white-box testing?

White box testing ensures that all statements, conditions, and paths in the source code are executed correctly, resulting in the expected output. Define test conditions to ensure that all code paths, conditions, and data are thoroughly tested, including:

● Line code testing (code coverage)

● Branch check (branch coverage)

● Check conditions (condition coverage)

● Data testing (data coverage)

44. Basic difference between functional and non-functional testing

While functional testing verifies that the software application performs its intended functions correctly, focusing on features and interactions, non-functional testing evaluates overall performance, usability, and quality attributes such as speed and security.

While functional testing ensures the correctness of the feature, non-functional testing ensures broader standards of reliability and user experience.

45. What is the difference between Data-Driven Testing and Retesting?

46. ​​Why shouldn't programmers test the software they build themselves?

Programmers should not test the software they build themselves because:

● Loss of Objectivity: Programmers often have a subjective view of their source code, leading to errors being missed. They may trust the product and not recognize potential problems. Independent testing teams have the ability to look at it from different angles, helping to detect errors that programmers may not see.

● Difficult to detect due to errors: Unit testing only tests small parts of the code and is not enough to detect errors in the interaction between components. Professional testers use different techniques and tools to detect potential errors.

● Testing specialization: Testing is a specialized field, requiring specific knowledge and skills. Testers often have a "destructive" mindset, searching for errors more aggressively.

47. Important Qualities of a Top Tester

If you want to become a top tester, in addition to solid technical knowledge, you also need to possess the following qualities:

● Attention to detail: Good testers are able to identify and document even the smallest issues, from bugs to inconsistencies.

● Curious and creative: They are always looking for new ways to test software and detect potential problems, not afraid to experiment with innovative methods.

● Analytical and problem solving skills: Ability to analyze complex systems, identify problems and develop effective testing strategies.

● Communication and collaboration skills: Work effectively with team members, from developers to managers, communicating issues clearly.

● Patience and persistence: Testing is often time consuming and can be frustrating; it takes patience to see it through.

● Passion for quality: Committed to ensuring products meet high standards, taking pride in work to meet customer expectations.

48. Benefits of acceptance testing

Acceptance Testing is an important part of the software development process, which ensures that the final product meets the user requirements and expectations. Here are some of the key benefits of acceptance testing:

● Ensure software quality is consistent with defined functional and non-functional requirements. This not only improves product quality but also reduces the number of errors and problems that arise during use.

● Improve user satisfaction through end-user participation in product testing. This participation not only builds trust but also makes users feel more satisfied with the final product.

● Detecting errors and problems early during acceptance testing can save significant time and costs associated with fixing them after the product has been deployed.

● Acceptance testing evaluates whether users can use the software effectively and conveniently.

● Identify unmet requirements or features that need to be adjusted before the product is officially launched to ensure that the final product truly meets customer needs.

● Users will have the opportunity to provide direct feedback on the product, which will help the development team better understand what needs to be improved or changed to better meet market needs.

49. Explain the life cycle of a Bug

The bug life cycle in software testing is the process that a bug goes through from the time it is discovered until it is resolved and closed. The Bug life cycle has the following states:

● NEW: When a tester discovers a bug during testing, the bug will be marked as "New". This is the initial state when the bug is just discovered.

● ASSIGNED: The bug will be assigned to a developer for fix. This status indicates that the bug has been assigned to the person responsible for fixing it.

● OPEN: When the programmer starts working on fixing the bug, the status of the bug will change to "Open". This shows that the bug is in progress.

● FIXED: After the programmer finishes fixing the bug, the bug will be marked as "Fixed". At this point, the source code has been updated to fix the problem.

● RE-TESTING: The tester will perform re-testing to confirm that the bug has been fixed. If the relevant test cases all pass, the bug will move to the next state.

● CLOSED: If the bug has been confirmed to no longer exist and is working as expected, the tester will mark it as "Closed". This means that the bug has been completely resolved.

● REOPENED: In case the tester finds that the bug still exists after it has been fixed or the bug has reappeared after it has been closed, the bug will be reopened and assigned to the programmer for further processing.

● REJECTED: If the bug is invalid or not a real bug (e.g. due to a misunderstanding of functionality), the project manager can mark it as "Rejected".

● DUPLICATE: If a bug has been reported before and is of the same nature, it will be marked as "Duplicate".

● DEFERRED: If a bug is not within the scope of the current version but needs to be fixed in the next version, it will be marked as "Deferred".

50. What is the role of usability testing?

Usability Testing plays an important role in improving the user experience and ensuring that the product or service meets the needs of the users. Here are some of the key roles of usability testing:

Improve user experience

Usability testing helps identify problems in the product's interface and interactions, thereby improving its ease of use and understanding. A good user experience not only creates satisfaction but also encourages users to come back and use the product more.

Increase efficiency and reduce costs

By detecting errors and problems early in the development process, usability testing can reduce the cost of fixing them after the product is released. This saves time and resources for the business.

Design Review

Testing allows developers and designers to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a product. By gathering feedback from users, the development team can tweak the design to optimize functionality and interface.

Increase user adoption

A thoroughly tested product is easier for users to accept, thereby enhancing brand reputation and increasing revenue due to customer satisfaction.

Provide quantitative and qualitative information

Usability testing not only collects qualitative data about user perception but also provides quantitative information like task completion time, success rate, etc. This gives developers a clear view of the product's performance.

Mastering Tester interview questions not only helps candidates prepare better for the interview but also increases their chances of success in finding a job in the IT field. Consider this an opportunity to prove yourself and show your passion for the Tester profession, and do not forget to prepare questions to ask the employer, thereby creating a good impression and demonstrating your initiative in the application process.