The process of transmitting solar electricity from space to Earth

To produce solar electricity in space, we will need to place photovoltaic cells in high geostationary orbit and convert electricity into microwaves. Microwaves can easily penetrate clouds and bad weather, reaching antennas at receiving stations on Earth, where the signal is converted back into electricity and fed into the power grid.

The process of transmitting solar electricity from space to Earth Picture 1

This wireless energy transfer process allows electricity to be transmitted to remote locations on Earth, many remote Arctic towns and villages are in complete darkness for months each year, and supports communities power outages due to natural disasters or conflicts, and even transmit power in space such as to the moon and other planets.

The biggest challenge of power generation in space is the size of the structure. A satellite equipped with photovoltaic batteries can span more than 1km and weigh thousands of tons. For comparison, the international space station weighs 400 tons and measures 109x73m. Meanwhile, the receiving station on Earth will cover an area 10 times larger.

A satellite installed with photovoltaic batteries can produce 2GW of electricity, equivalent to two medium-sized nuclear power plants in the US, enough to supply one million households. To produce the same amount of electricity, more than 6 million photovoltaic panels would be needed on the Earth's surface.

Marvin Fry

Update 12 August 2024