Why can airplanes fly in the sky?

With enormous size and mass carrying hundreds of passengers and tons of luggage, why does the plane fly in the sky?

The plane has become a familiar means of transportation for many people, but very few people have asked the question.

Find out about the mechanism of operation when the aircraft takes off, lands, and flies in the sky . to answer this question.

Flight mechanism of aircraft

With a total weight of hundreds of tons, what force can lift the plane from the ground? That is the aerodynamic lifting force also known as Joukowski lifting force .

Why can airplanes fly in the sky? Picture 1

A moving plane must be affected by 4 forces: traction, air resistance, gravity, lift force.

As the aircraft moves on the runway, the air flow around the wing will create a pressure difference between the underside of the wing and the top of the wing that causes a lift in the direction from the ground to the sky.

Why can airplanes fly in the sky? Picture 2
Lift model helps the aircraft take off.

This force is proportional to the square of the travel speed and the wing area of ​​the aircraft, the faster the aircraft moves, the greater the force. So before taking off, the plane needs to move a distance on the ground to achieve the necessary speed until it creates a force to win the earth's gravity and lift it into the air. In the process, two wings of the aircraft are controlled to change the lifting angle to change the lift force.

How does the airplane wing work?

Aircraft operating in the air

Normally, commercial airplanes only fly in the upper part of the troposphere of the atmosphere, the height is about 10.7km. In fact, airplanes can fly at any height, but why does the plane only fly at that altitude?

Why can airplanes fly in the sky? Picture 3

Thunderstorms, the rise and fall of air currents are all dynamic within the lowest range of the atmosphere 10,000m. If flying within less than 10,000 meters of aircraft will be affected by the up and down air flow, so that the aircraft cannot fly in a stable manner. In addition, if you encounter water particles and ice particles with low temperature, the outer case may freeze. That's not to mention at this altitude, sometimes aircraft can be struck by lightning.

With altitudes above 10,000m, it is completely different, at this altitude is relatively quiet, the aircraft can operate stably. In addition, the air layer at that height is very thin, low in water vapor so the outer shell is not frozen.

Why do passenger aircraft fly at an altitude of 10,700 m?

In 1976, the US SR-71 Blackbird aircraft reached a world record with a height of nearly 26km above sea level.

Aircraft landing mechanism

Why can airplanes fly in the sky? Picture 4

When approaching the ground, the air below the wing is pressed to the ground, creating small swirls as well as creating "ground effect" that causes the aircraft to lift for a short time before being stay on the runway.