Module time in Python

The next tutorial in the series of lessons on handling Date / Time in Python, TipsMake.com will work with you to find out details about module time and functions related to the time specified in this module. Let's follow it!

Python has a time module used to handle time-related tasks . To use the functions defined in the module, first import this module, do the following:

 import time 

Here are the most commonly used time-related functions.

time.time ()

The time () function returns the number of seconds from the epoch, or the timestamp value

For Unix systems, 00:00:00 on January 1, 1970 UTC hours are called epochs (the start of time).

 import time seconds = time.time() print("So giay tinh tu epoch:", seconds) 

The result will look like:

 So giay tinh tu epoch: 1562922590.7720907 

time.ctime ()

This method converts a time represented by the number of seconds from the epoch to a string representation.

 import time # số giây tính từ epoch # viet boi TipsMake.com seconds = 1562983783.9618232 local_time = time.ctime(seconds) print("Local time:", local_time) 

Run the program, the result returns the date and time corresponding to the number of seconds transmitted:

 Local time: Sat Jul 13 09:09:43 2019 

If not passing seconds, the program returns the current time value.

time.sleep ()

The sleep () function stops executing the current thread in the number of seconds passed.

 import time print ("Start :", time.ctime()) time.sleep(3) print ("End :", time.ctime()) 

This method does not return any values, but only the executable delay. Try running the program to see the delay.

 Start : Sat Jul 13 09:33:52 2019 End : Sat Jul 13 09:33:57 2019 

Before going on to other time-related functions, learn through class time.struct_time .

Class time.struct_time

Some functions in module time, such as gmtime (), asctime () . have time.struct_time is the returned object.

Example of time.struct_time result .

 time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=27, tm_hour=6, tm_min=35, tm_sec=17, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=361, tm_isdst=0) 

0 tm_year Current year: 0000, ., 2018, ., 9999 1 tm_mon Current month: 1, 2, ., 12 2 tm_mday Current day: 1, 2, ., 31 3 tm_hour Current time: 0, 1, ., 23 4 tm_min Current time: 0, 1, ., 59 5 tm_sec Current seconds: 0, 1, ., 61 6 tm_wday Day of the week : 0, 1, ., 6; Monday is calculated at 0 7 tm_yday Day of the year: 1, 2, ., 366 8 tm_isdst Determine DST: 0, 1 or -1

time.localtime ()

The localtime () function in the time module takes the number of seconds passed into the argument and returns struct_time in local time.

 import time result = time.localtime(1562983783) print("Ket qua:", result) print("nNam:", result.tm_year) print("Gio:", result.tm_hour) 

Run the program, the result is:

 Ket qua: time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=13, tm_hour=9, tm_min=9, tm_sec=43, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=194, tm_isdst=0) Nam: 2019 Gio: 9 

If no number of seconds is provided or the value is transferred, the current time returned from the time () function will be used.

time.gmtime ()

The function gmtime () in the time module takes the number of seconds passed as an argument and returns the struct_time by UTC time.

 import time result = time.gmtime(1562983783) print("Ket qua:", result) print("nNam:", result.tm_year) print("Gio:", result.tm_hour) 

Run the program, the result is:

 Ket qua: time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=13, tm_hour=2, m_min=9, tm_sec=43, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=194, tm_isdst=0) Nam: 2019 Gio: 2 

If no number of seconds is provided or the value is transferred, the current time returned from the time () function will be used.

time.mktime ()

The mktime () function in the time module takes struct_time (or a tuple containing 9 elements corresponding to struct_time) as the argument and returns the number of seconds from the local time epoch. This is the inverse function of localtime ().

 import time t = (2019, 7, 13, 9, 9, 43, 5, 194, 0) local_time = time.mktime(t) print("Gio dia phuong:", local_time) 

Run the program, the result is:

 Gio dia phuong: 1562983783.0 

The example below shows how mktime () and localtime () are related.

 import time seconds = 1562983783 # trả về struct_time # viet boi TipsMake.com t = time.localtime(seconds) print("t1: ", t) # trả về giây từ struct_time s = time.mktime(t) print("ns:", seconds) 

Result:

 t1: time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=13, tm_hour=9, tm_min=9, tm_sec=43, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=194, tm_isdst=0) s: 1562983783 

time.asctime ()

The asctime () function in the time module takes struct_time (or a tuple containing 9 elements corresponding to struct_time) as the argument and returns a string representing that time.

 import time t = (2019, 7, 13, 9, 9, 43, 5, 194, 0) result = time.asctime(t) print("Ket qua:", result) 

Program results returned:

 Ket qua: Sat Jul 13 09:09:43 2019 

time.strftime ()

The strftime () function in the time module takes struct_time (or a tuple corresponding to struct_time) as the argument and returns a string representing the time based on the input format code.

 import time named_tuple = time.localtime() # lấy struct_time time_string = time.strftime("%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S", named_tuple) print(time_string) 

Run the program, the result is:

 07/15/2019, 08:46:58 

In this example,% Y,% m,% d,% H are format codes .

1. % Y: year [0001, ., 2018, 2019, ., 9999]
2. % m: month [01, 02, ., 11, 12]
3. % d: date [01, 02, ., 30, 31]
4. % H: hour [00, 01, ., 22, 23
5. % M: month [00, 01, ., 58, 59]
6. % S: seconds [00, 01, ., 58, 61]

Read more: strftime function () in the datetime Python module

time.strptime ()

The strptime () function in the time module analyzes a string representing a time, time, and returns struct_time.

 import time time_string = "17 July, 2019" result = time.strptime(time_string, "%d %B, %Y") print(result) 

The returned result has the form:

 time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=17, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=198, tm_isdst=-1) 

Read more: strptime () function in the datetime Python module

Previous lesson: Convert the timestamp value in Python

Next lesson: Function sleep () in Python