Diabetes - Learn Causes & Symptoms

Anyone is at risk fordiabetes.Therefore, each of us needs to know the cause and symptoms of this disease so that we can take precautions and timely treatment.Read our article to find out more about diabetes.

Learn about diabetes

What is diabetes?

What is diabetes?Diabetes or diabetes is a group of disorders of blood sugar metabolism when pancreatic insulin hormone is missing or reduced.When we have diabetes, our bodies are unable to efficiently metabolize carbohydrates to produce energy, causing the sugar to build up gradually in the blood.Frequent high blood sugar levels can lead to cardiovascular disease, causing damage to other organs such as eyes, kidneys, nerves, .

Diabetes is classified as one of the most common disease groups today.By 2025 it is estimated that about 330 million people are sick, equivalent to about 6% of the world population.In developed countries, the incidence has increased to about 42% while in developing countries like Vietnam it will be 170%.

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The number of people with diabetes is increasing rapidly

Classification of diabetes mellitus

Diabetes is divided into two main categories: type 1 diabetes (type 1, type 1) and type 2 diabetes (type 2, type 2):

Type 1 diabetes:Occupying about 5 - 10% of all cases of diabetes, most common in people under 20 years of age.Symptoms in this type usually start suddenly and progress quickly if not treated promptly.

Type 2 diabetes: Occupying about 90-95% of all cases of diabetes, more common in people over 40. However, in recent years, people with type 2 diabetes have become younger and younger, especially in the 30s. The symptoms of type 2 diabetes are usually very small.Patients usually only detect the disease when experiencing complications or accidentally discovered when doing blood tests.

In addition to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, there is another form of diabetes in pregnancy, which accounts for between 3-5% of all pregnancies.

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Diabetes can be encountered in any subject

Causes of diabetes

Causes of type 1 diabetes: There is currently no exact cause of type 1 diabetes. However, according to experts, leading to type 1 diabetes may be caused by the immune system. and destroying pancreatic insulin-producing cells, resulting in little or no insulin.Meanwhile, instead of moving to cells, sugar accumulates in the blood, causing diabetes.

Causes of type 2 diabetes: Like type 1, the cause of type 2 diabetes is still unclear.In people with prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, cells become resistant to the action of insulin and the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to overcome this resistance, eventually making the way accumulate in the blood.Some argue that genetic factors and habitats may also increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. People who are overweight and obese are more likely to have type 2 diabetes, but not everyone who suffers from this disease is left over. weight obesity.

Causes of diabetes during pregnancy:During pregnancy, the placenta will produce hormones to maintain pregnancy.These hormones make cells more resistant to insulin.In the case of a pancreas that cannot produce enough insulin to overcome this resistance, the amount of sugar transferred into the cells decreases and accumulates in the blood leading to gestational diabetes.

Expression of diabetes mellitus

If you see the following signs, you probably have diabetes:

Excessive urination: People with diabetes often urinate more often than normal people because the urinary Glucose is accompanied by osmotic diuresis that increases urine output.In 24 hours, the amount of urine can range from 3-4 liters or more, clear urine, when dry often leave stains or white patches.In young children, the condition of nocturnal enuresis due to polyuria may be a sign of diabetes mellitus.

Eat a lot: One of the signs of diabetes is often the fact that the sick person eats a lot, fasting because the body cannot convert sugar into energy.

Heavy drinking : Dehydration causes a thirsty center in the hypothalamus to be activated, making the sick person feel thirsty and drink constantly.

Much thinning, weight loss without cause: Although eating a lot, drinking a lot, but diabetic patients often lose weight, thin, pale because the body cannot use glucose to create energy, must strengthen Lipid and protid degradation to compensate.

There are also some common symptoms of diabetes, including nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, vaginal infections in women, yeast infection or candidiasis, dry mouth, and long-term healing. itchy skin,.

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People with diabetes are often thin and lose weight for unknown reasons

Complications of diabetes

Cardiovascular disease: People with diabetes are at increased risk of other cardiovascular problems such as coronary arteries, angina, heart attack, stroke, atherosclerosis.

Neurological damage: High blood sugar can damage capillary walls, especially in the legs, causing itching, numbness, burning, and pain;nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation (when gastrointestinal related nerves are affected);erectile dysfunction.

Kidney disease: Diabetes can damage the kidney's filtering system, causing serious kidney damage, leading to kidney failure.

Retinopathy: People with diabetes are vulnerable to the blood vessels of the retina leading to blindness, cataracts, glaucoma.

Leg injuries: Neurological damage in the leg area makes people with diabetes more likely to have complications in their legs, even having to remove them.

Skin diseases:Diabetes increases the risk of more easily skin problems such as bacterial and fungal infections.

Gestational diabetes complications

1. The fetus is more developed than age and may cause the mother to have a caesarean section.
2. Children with hypoglycemia immediately after birth but just need to breastfeed and inject glucose, their blood sugar levels will be stable.
3. Infants are at high risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the future.
4. Children die immediately before or after birth.
5. Pre-eclampsia is life-threatening for both mother and child.
6. Increased risk of maternal diabetes at the next pregnancy and the risk of type 2 diabetes in the mother when she is old.

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Dangerous complications of diabetes

How to prevent and treat diabetes

How to prevent diabetes

1. Always monitor the blood sugar index

Every family should have at least oneblood glucose meterto monitor their blood sugar index regularly at home.If an abnormal index is detected in the long term, consult a doctor for an accurate conclusion.

2. Build a healthy diet

1. Limit starchy foods, eat plenty of vegetables with low blood sugar.
2. Eat less processed natural grains (whole grains).
3. Limit sweets like ice cream, cakes, .
4. Eat lots of fish, beans, skinless chicken, lean meat.
5. Choose foods that contain unsaturated fats such as olive oil, butter, and vegetable oils.Avoid using foods high in saturated fat from milk, fast food, .
6. Always eat 3 main meals and add 1-2 snacks a day.
7. Eat slowly, eat enough, don't leave your stomach too full or too hungry.

3. Weight control

Obesity increases blood sugar, insulin resistance, making us more susceptible to diabetes.For people with diabetes, losing weight and controlling body weight is one of the top tasks to fight back.

4. Always keep the body and spirit in a relaxed and comfortable state

Stress, anxiety increases the release of ACTH pituitary hormone, thereby promoting the release of cortisol hormone from the adrenal gland.This hormone has indirect effects on blood sugar levels in the body.

5. Get enough sleep

Sleep deprivation is one of the causes of increased blood sugar levels and cortisol stress hormones.Therefore, to prevent diabetes, every person needs to maintain a regular sleep of 7-8 hours a day.

6. Regular exercise and sports

Strengthening exercise helps the body to be healthier, better control weight.Many studies show that regular exercise can reduce complications like heart attack and stroke in diabetics.

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Regular exercise is a way to prevent and fight diabetes

Treatment of diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes : Use insulin medicine

Type 2 diabetes : Use derivatives of Sulfonyl urea.Patients with type 2 diabetes may also be assigned to use insulin in the case of dietary changes, exercise and the use of synthetic diabetes medications that are not effective.

In addition to taking medicine, to treat diabetes, you also need to combine with a healthy diet as mentioned above;regular blood glucose testing;perform exercises to control blood sugar;Check your eyes and legs regularly to prevent complications.

Type 1 diabetes cannot be completely cured, type 2 diabetes can improve if you change your daily diet.The treatment of diabetes is difficult because about 50% of the ability to cure depends on the diet of the patient.

Hope that our share of diabetes will help you somewhat.VisitMETA.vnfor advice and order home blood glucose meters.

>>> More references:

1. Toxic fat can cause diabetes, including thin people
2. You may not know: Eating red meat, chicken can double the risk of diabetes
3. Foods rich in antioxidants may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes
4. Supplementing Vitamin B12 may reduce the risk of diabetes
5. 5 eating habits should be avoided to avoid type 2 diabetes