How to Tow a Trailer

Hitching Your Trailer

1. 
   Make sure your vehicle is rated for towing the load.^[1] You probably can't tow an 8,000-pound full-size camper trailer with a Honda Civic. Depending upon the particular trailer you need to haul, you need to check to determine the weight limits in the owner's manual and determine the appropriate hitch to have installed.

   1. The weight should be generally specified by the manufacturer and listed in the owner's manual. Look online if you're missing the manual, or check at an auto shop.
   2. You need to find two numbers, the gross trailer weight (GTW), which is the combined weight of the trailer and the gear on it, and the maximum tongue weight for your vehicle to determine the class of hitch you'll need to tow the load.
2. 
   Get the appropriate class of hitch for your load installed. Generally, you'll get a hitch receiver installed that you can use for different size trailer hitches, for class 3 and up. These receivers include a removable draw-bar that you can use to install different sized hitches for different loads you might use.^[2] If you get the largest receiver installed on your vehicle, you'll be ready for any sized load your vehicle can handle, classified according to the following specs:^[3]

   1. Class 1: 2000 pounds GTW/200 pounds tongue weight
   2. Class 2: 3500 pounds GTW/350 pounds tongue weight
   3. Class 3: 5000 pounds GTW/500 pounds tongue weight
   4. Class 4: 7500 pounds GTW/750 pounds tongue weight
   5. Class 5: 10,000 pounds GTW/1000 pounds tongue weight
3. 
   Get the right-sized ball for the trailer. The larger the ball, the more weight it can carry. Basically, the ball of the hitch will come in one of three sizes:^[4]

   1. 1 ⁷⁄₈ inch (4.8 cm)
   2. 2 inch (5.1 cm)
   3. 2 ⁵⁄₁₆ inch (5.9 cm)
4. 
   Attach the trailer to the vehicle.^[5] Use the tongue jack to raise the trailer and align it with the ball. Make sure that the hitch lock is unlocked before lowering the trailer onto the ball and securing the tongue. Cross the safety chains to the hooks near the vehicle hitch or the vehicle frame, making sure there is enough slack in the chains but not so much that they drag on the ground.

   1. Using the tongue jack, try to raise the tongue off of the ball. If you are able to do this, the ball and tongue sizes do not match, or the ball is not locked properly. In this case, replace the ball with the correct size, or lock it properly and try again.
   2. Once the tongue of the trailer is on the ball, you can lock it in place by placing a bolt or padlock through the ball lock mechanism to prevent it from accidentally opening.
5. 
   Attach the lights with the wiring harness. Generally, these employ a simple color-coded connection that makes it easy to hook up the lights to the harness should make it easy to install the connector properly to the tow vehicle's harness.^[6]

   1. After you've hooked up the lights, do a quick brake check to make sure everything is functioning properly. It's critical to make sure that your turn signals and brakes work on the back of the trailer to ensure a safe trip (as well as no traffic tickets).^[7]
   2. To keep the connection from corroding, you might consider spraying the contacts with a small amount of dielectric grease.
6. 
   Check the tongue weight. You want the amount of weight resting on the hitch to be roughly 10 to 12 percent of the total weight of the trailer.^[8] You can use a regular bathroom scale to place under the beam to check.

   1. If the weight out-weighs your scale (which is likely for 4000 lb. and up trailers) place the scale farther up the trailer to get a smaller measurement. If you go a third of the way up, triple the weight on the scale to get the approximate weight.
   2. Depending on the weight of the trailer, you might consider using an equalizing bar to even out the pressure on the hitch. These are generally long metal brackets that transfer a bit of the weight more toward your vehicle's front axle. If you're hauling at the upper end of the specs, use an equalizer.
7. 
   Secure your load.^[9] Depending on the load you're hauling, you might need to use a tarp to secure loose objects in boats or refuse trailers since you're responsible for anything that flies out and causes damage.

   1. You can also take this opportunity to make sure the hitch height is set correctly,^[10] your trailer's tires are inflated to the appropriate specifications, and that you haven't overloaded the trailer in such a way as to negate the careful checks you've already performed.^[11]